1. 4 cups = 1 lb
2. I wash, rinse in vinegar then rinse in water.
If your talking about powdered sugar 4 cups is approx. 1 pound For royal and color flow make sure everything is grease free. I usually boil my tips and add a little dish soap to the water but I've heard vinigar works too. I have found that dawn dish soap cuts grease the best.
It depends on what you are measuring. I cup of flour is 5 ounces scant. it can measuer from 5 scant ounces to 5 1/2 plus 2 Tbls generous. If you are measuring sugar then 1 cup is 7 1/2 to 8 ounces. Confectioners' sugar is 4 ounces. Here is where a scale comes into play. If you following a recipe from a book then most of the time you can go to the front of the book and determine how the author meant for the ingredients to be weighed. If the measures are given in ounces or pounds then you need a scale. If they give instructions like dip or scoop your measuring cup then it is all probably done with measuring cups and spoons. As "they" say a cup is not always a cup.
This was for the Wilton class royal and color flow. I do not have a scale. I am going camping this week end and needed it done before I left.
BTW one my hand mixer hates me now that it is over (one day I'll have my kitchen aid) and two the Wilton royal does not make as much as they say it does.
Vinegar works very well. Learned that years ago, working as a waitress in a steakhouse. At the end of the night we would have to wipe the tables down with a mix of water, dish detergent and vinegar.
I just pour the vinegar into the dish water along with the dish detergent.
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